Methods to identify and characterize iron–sulfur oligopeptides in water

Iron–sulfur clusters are ubiquitous cofactors that mediate central biological processes. However, despite their long history, these metallocofactors remain challenging to investigate when coordinated small (≤ six amino acids) oligopeptides in aqueous solution. In addition being often unstable vitro, iron–sulfur can be found a wide variety of forms with varied characteristics, which makes it difficult easily discern what is This difficulty compounded by the dynamics peptides, frequently coordinate multiple types simultaneously. To aid investigations such complex samples, summary data from techniques used characterize both proteins and peptides provided. Although not all spectroscopic equally insightful, possible use several, readily available methods gain insight into composition solutions peptides.